What is the difference between picaridin and ir3535

Choosing the right repellent matters: Our top products provide several hours of protection, and some of our lowest-scoring ones fizzle out in as little as 30 minutes. So arm yourself with one of the high-performing repellents. After 30 minutes, these brave volunteers place their arms into the first two of four cages of disease-free mosquitoes for 5 minutes.

After 5 minutes, the subjects withdraw their arms, then repeat the process by placing their arms into a second pair of cages of disease-free mosquitoes of a different species, for another 5 minutes. The subjects then walk around for about 10 minutes, to stimulate sweating—this is to mimic a real-world setting, in which users might be active while wearing repellent. Half an hour later, this procedure is repeated once, and then again once every hour after that until a repellent fails our test, or until 8 hours have passed since it was applied.

You might not think to read the label before buying an insect repellent. The top-performing products in our tests contained one of these three active ingredients: deet, oil of lemon eucalyptus, or picaridin.

And all are safe when used as directed. Many people assume that the more deet N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide a product contains, the better. And some research suggests that the remote risks associated with deet, like rashes and even seizures, may occur when too much of the product is used. See below for how to safely apply all repellents.

At 30 percent and below, deet is safe for pregnant women and children who are at least 2 months old. This is a synthetic repellent modeled after a compound that occurs naturally in the black pepper plant. We recommend two 20 percent picaridin products and one 10 percent picaridin product, all sprays.

But concentration matters: Another product, with just 5 percent picaridin, is one of our lowest-scoring insect repellents.

And, at least when it comes to picaridin, form seems to matter. Of two other picaridin products in our tests, we find that neither a 20 percent lotion nor a 20 percent wipe works as well as the 20 percent picaridin sprays. Finally, while picaridin is deemed safe, even for use on infants who are at least 2 months old and on pregnant women, it can irritate your skin and eyes, so you should use it carefully. Shop Sawyer Insect Repellent on Amazon. This is a refined version of a naturally occurring compound extracted from the gum eucalyptus tree.

It can also be produced synthetically. Four products in our insect repellent ratings that contain 30 percent oil of lemon eucalyptus OLE do well in our tests. OLE also appears to be safe when used properly, though it can cause temporary eye injury. Pregnant women can use it, but the Food and Drug Administration recommends against using it on children younger than 3. Shop Repel Lemon Eucalyptus on Amazon. IR is a synthetic compound that is structurally similar to a naturally occurring amino acid.

And 2-undecanone is a synthesized version of a compound found in rue, wild tomatoes, and several other plants. Both products appear safe, but as with all repellents, they should be used with caution, especially on children. Shop Coleman Insect Repellent on Amazon. Concentration and form probably explain some of that difference: High-scoring products are sprays that contain 20 percent picaridin, and the low-scoring ones contain less picaridin or come in a lotion or wipe form.

Our tests have shown that products with deet, in concentrations of 15 to 30 percent, are more likely to provide reliable protection. Proper application and use is essential, both for maximum protection and to avoid possible side effects, including skin or eye irritation. That means:. The CDC advises against the use of the oil on children under three years of age.

EWG recommends PMD 10 percent for short protection time and oil of lemon eucalyptus percent for longer periods. Carried by mosquitoes, West Nile virus infected more than 5, Americans last year resulting in deaths , according to the CDC.

Meanwhile, the incidence of Lyme disease , which is spread by ticks, has more than doubled over the last 15 years, with 24, confirmed cases recorded in Both these illnesses, and other pest-borne diseases, can have serious and occasionally life-altering consequences. A person is most likely to contract Lyme disease between late April and mid-July.

Lyme disease infections typically occur in 13 Northeastern and Mid-Atlantic states, from Virginia to Maine, and the upper Midwest, mostly in Wisconsin and Minnesota.

West Nile infections have been reported in almost every state, with the highest numbers in Texas, California, Illinois, Louisiana, Michigan, Mississippi, and Oklahoma. Peaking in August, West Nile virus infections occur primarily in the summer months. Do not rely on any product to keep ticks away," reported the authors. The Environmental Working Group describes itself as "the nation's leading environmental health research and advocacy organization.

A substantial portion of its funds also comes from individuals. Serving as a watchdog, EWG advocates "to conserve land and water, produce and use energy responsibly and ensure that food and consumer products are free of harmful chemicals.

Which is worse, bug bites or repellent? Environmental Working Group Publications. Years of research suggest that vision, lung function, immune system performance, and even sperm count can all be improved by omega-3s.

Do you know how to prevent head lice infestations? Or what to do if you find the critters? Apple Picking, a Perfect Fall Activity. Apple picking could be a good outing to take this fall, as it lends itself to social distancing. It is a synthetic repellent classified by the EPA as a biopesticide. Because IR is structurally based on beta alanine and alanine, it is classified as a biochemical substance. It is functionally identical to beta alanine. Beta alanine and IR repel biting insects.

They keep insects away without even killing them. It does not pose any threat or long-term risk in the environment or in humans. Studies say that IR is potent against the Aedes species of mosquitoes.

It is not an effective repellent against the Anopheles species of mosquitoes. It should not be used in malaria affected areas. IR is the best repellent against ticks. It provides the longest period of protection against Ixodes scapularis or deer ticks.

High concentrations of IR are potent against the nymphs of Amblyomma americanum or the lonestar tick, which is the transmitter of the Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever. It is also capable of repelling Ixodes ricinus or the European castor bean tick. It is effective in protecting against Zika and chikungunya causing mosquitoes—the Aedes species of mosquitoes. DEET is more potent against malaria-, dengue-, and encephalitis-causing mosquitoes—the Anopheles mosquitoes.

You can apply IR directly on your skin. You should always follow directions on the label. Each time you apply it. You can be sure to be protected for four to eight hours. Avoid contact with mucous areas such as your mouth and eyes. You should also avoid applying it on irritated or wounded skin. Never spray IR directly on your face. As you know, children often put their fingers in their mouths whenever they want to.

Picaridin was developed in in Europe. It was only available in the U. Its chemical name is 2- 2-hydroxyethyl piperidinecarboxylic acid 1-methyldpropyl ester. It is also known as KBR Twenty percent is the currently available maximum concentration. It does not damage materials, fabrics, or surfaces.